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History of Carnival in Brazil
Carnival Roots
The origins of carnival go as far back towards the ancient greek language spring festival honoring Dionysus, the god of wine. The Romans adopted the celebration with Bacchanalia (feasts honoring Bacchus, the Roman equal to Dionysus), and Saturnalia, where slaves as well as their masters would exchange clothes per day of drunken revelry. Saturnalia was later modified through the Roman Catholic Church right into a festival leading up Ash Wednesday. It quickly evolved right into a massive celebration of indulgences Body last gasp of music, food, alcohol, and sex before Lent - prior to the 40 times of personal reflection, abstinence, and fasting until Easter (not quite what are the Church probably been on mind). 40 times of purging sins, preceded with a week full of just about any known sin. The term itself originates from Latin, "Carne Vale" or "Farewell towards the Flesh".
Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
Rio's lavish carnival is among the world's most well-known. Lots of spectacular floats encompassed by thousands of dancers, singers, and drummers parade with the enormous Samb?dromo Stadium dressed up in elaborate costumes (or, frequently, with simply no costume.) It's an epic event televised all over the world. The foundation of Brazil's carnival dates back to some Portuguese pre-lent festivity called "entrudo", a chaotic event where participants threw mud, water, and food at one another inside a street event that usually resulted in riots (a meeting quite much like today's Andean carnival - see Venezuelan portion of this booklet). Rio's first masquerade carnival ball (set to polkas and waltzes) is at 1840. Carnival street parades followed ten years later with horse drawn floats and military bands.
The sound closely linked to the Brazilian carnival, the samba, wasn't a part of carnival until 1917. The samba is really a mixture of Angolan semba, European polka, African batuques, with touches of Cuban habanera along with other styles. What we should now termed as samba is because of the appearance of black Brazilians (primarily from Bahia) towards the impoverished slums or favelas surrounding Rio following a abolition of slavery in Brazil in 1888.
Today the carnival is organized through the escolas de samba (samba schools). They first appeared in 1928. A lot more than musical groups, they're actually, neighborhood associations that offer a number of community needs (for example educational and healthcare resources) inside a country with grinding poverty with no social back-up.
Brazil - Salvador da Bahia
Salvador da Bahia was Brazil's first center of government (from 1549 to 1763), and stays its musical capital. For hundreds of years, Bahia was home from the Portuguese sugar industry and slave trade. Consequently, today Salvador may be the largest center of African culture within the Americas. Amidst the colonial architecture and cobblestone streets, it comes with an unmistakeable beat of Bahian drumming. You are able to listen to it within the stereo speakers and boomboxes blasting the most recent Ax? pop music. It might be overwhelming once the large percussion ensembles (with many drummers) called "blocos Afros" decide to try the streets for carnival. It had been a movement launched a half century ago through the group, Filhos de Gandhi (Sons of Gandhi).
Today, there are numerous blocos Afros which have adopted a brand new mission included in the "negritude" movement to re-establish Black Pride. Olodum, Ara Ketu, Il? Aiyé, Timbalada and also the all women's drumming mega-group Dida all electrify Salvador every February during carnival. Olodum's Billy Arquimimo explains, "We started Olodum Two decades ago because in those days, black people was previously embarrassed with their skin. We think it is essential to make a move to re-establish Black Pride, and also to redevelop African culture within Bahia."
Like Rio, the town of Salvador is known for its carnival. For both cities, it's an enormous festival prior to Lent. That's in which the similarities end.
Rio is known for its Samba schools, elaborate costumes (or sometimes no costumes), along with a huge parade held in the Samb?dromo Stadium. Salvador is Brazil's street carnival. It can last for weeks. The background music begins daily as soon as noon and runs until 7 or 8 the following morning.
Bahian superstar Carlinhos Brown explains, "We play, not for the money, but to celebrate happiness. Our carnival is really a street carnival. It's for everybody, not only for all those with money." As well as the Blocos Afros, artists like Carlinhos Brown and Daniela Mercury perform on huge trucks, full of loudspeakers called "trio electricos". Fundamental essentials big tractor-trailer trucks full of huge speakers. The tradition began in 1950 when two Bahian musicians, Dodo and Osmar, performed using their electric trio aboard a 1929 Ford pickup.. Despite the fact that you will find regularly 20-40 bandmembers atop 18 wheeler mega-trucks today, the name "trio electrico" still sticks. Bahia's carnival is probably the earth's largest public festivity, attracting crowds of three million that dance during the night in Salvador's historic colonial streets.
-Dan Rosenberg
Carnival Dates (Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) 2002 - 2009
2002 February 11 and 12 2003 March 3 and 4 2004 and 24 2005 February 7 and 8 2006 February 27 and 28 2007 February 19 and 20 2008 February 4 and 5 2009 and 24
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